In what has been hailed as a major breakthrough, South Sudan’s rival leaders sealed an agreement Sunday on a key military provision in a stuttering peace deal and vowed to silence their guns.
President Salva Kiir and his rival, Vice President Riek Machar, agreed on the creation of a unified armed forces command, one of several deadlocked issues holding up implementation of the 2018 pact to end the country’s bloody five-year civil war.
Feuding between forces loyal to Kiir and former rebel leader Machar spiralled recently, triggering fears of a return to full-blown conflict in the world’s youngest nation.
“Peace is about security and today we have (achieved) a milestone,” said Martin Abucha, who signed the agreement on behalf of Machar’s opposition SPLM/A-IO. “The guns must go down.”
Minister of presidential affairs Barnaba Marial Benjamin hailed the deal — hammered out following mediation by neighbouring Sudan — as a “necessary step… that opens a route for the stable government of the Republic of South Sudan”.
The rivals also agreed to a cessation of hostilities, a halt to “propaganda” that stokes tensions, and called for the two sides to stop trying to encourage defections from the other party, according to Machar’s spokesman Puok Both Baluang.
Nevertheless, the people of the troubled country will be watching warily to see if the deals are implemented, since other agreements have collapsed in the past, often leading to violence.
Both Kiir and Machar were at the ceremony in the capital Juba for the signing of the accord, which stipulates a 60-40 distribution in favour of the president’s side of leadership posts in the army, police and national security forces.
Under the deal, the appointments should be made in a week, with the graduation of the unified forces within two months.
Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, the number two in Sudan’s post-coup ruling council, arrived in Juba on Friday in a bid to break the stalemate over the security arrangements.
Sudan, a guarantor of the 2018 deal, drew up the proposal after Kiir on March 25 issued a presidential decree on the formation of the military command structure, an act rejected by Machar as “unilateral”.
Chronic instability
Landlocked South Sudan, one of the poorest countries on the planet despite large oil reserves, has suffered chronic instability since independence from Sudan in 2011, spending almost half of its life as a nation at war.
It has struggled to draw a line under the 2013-2018 conflict that erupted after Kiir accused Machar of an attempted coup. Almost 400,000 people lost their lives and millions more were displaced by the fighting.
Although the two men formed a unity government more than two years ago, South Sudan has continued to lurch from crisis to crisis, battling flooding, hunger, interethnic violence and political bickering.
The fragile peace process was put under further pressure last month when Machar’s Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) pulled out of a monitoring body to protest at “unprovoked” attacks on its bases.
Machar’s spokesman told AFP the party had now agreed to return to the mechanism.
Peacekeeping mission renewed
Last month, the UN Security Council voted to prolong its peacekeeping mission in South Sudan another year. The operation, with up to 17,000 soldiers and 2,100 police officers, is one of the UN’s most expensive, with an annual budget topping $1 billion.
In a briefing to the Security Council, the UN envoy for South Sudan, Nicholas Haysom, issued a stark warning to the country’s leaders to do more to prepare for elections due to be held in less than a year.
“Elections have the potential to be a nation-building moment, or a catastrophe,” he said.
Although he highlighted progress in some areas including the operation of key government institutions and parliament, other issues are stalled, including the process of drafting a new constitution.
The UN has repeatedly criticised South Sudan’s leadership for its role in stoking violence, cracking down on political freedoms and plundering public coffers and has accused the government of rights violations amounting to war crimes over deadly attacks in the southwest last year.
South Sudan also faces grave humanitarian woes caused by conflict as well as climate-related disasters such as flooding and drought, prompting the UN on Thursday to launch a $1.6 billion aid plan.
It said the funding will be used for urgent life-saving assistance and protection in a country where it is estimated more than two-thirds of the population, nearly nine million people, require aid relief.
